Cai et al. showed that, similar to the epithelial cells, in endothelial cells, uric acid stimulates the signaling pathway of HMGB1/RAGE, which activates NF-κB. The activation of NF-κB then induces the production and release of IL-6 and TNF-α and triggers endothelial dysfunction [21]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to endothelial dysfunction.