(36) verified that there was an upregulation of the NLRP3 in murine macrophage cells and human alveolar macrophages from Nontypeable Haemophilus Influenzae infection (NTHi)-induced AECOPD disease model, which imitated the pathogenesis of bacterial exacerbations in COPD. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.