For example, sCD163 enriched in PBC saliva is a marker of M2 macrophage activation and is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetes and cancer (35–37); in PBC patients, serum sCD163 was reported as a noninvasive marker of liver disease severity and prognosis (36, 38). The gene discussed is CD163; the disease is atherosclerosis.