The IHC results did not reveal a nuclear localization of RIG-I in woodchuck hepatocytes, as described in a recent in vitro study in which HBV pre-genomic RNA was sensed by a nucleus-specific RIG-I in human hepatoma cells (in addition to its more potent cytoplasmic counterpart) and resulted in the induction of type-III IFNs (47). This evidence concerns the gene RIGI and hepatocellular carcinoma.