While in AhR-deficient MEF cells, upon the infection of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), influenza virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Sendai virus (SeV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), or herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), the antiviral IFN-I responses were stronger than that of wild-type MEF cells (28). This evidence concerns the gene AHR and infection.