The production of cytokines associated with pregnancy complications (premature birth and infections of the placental/fetal unit, Table S4) was also increased in L. monocytogenes-infected trophoblasts (CCL2, CCL3, IL-8, CSF2, IL-1α/β, IL-1RA, IL-10, GM-CSF, IL-6, and TNFα). Here, TNF is linked to infection.