A growing number of cell line studies, animal model studies, and genetic studies provide further support for involvement of IL-37 in the aforementioned and additional conditions, such as gout, in which rare genetic variants of IL-37 that result in loss of anti-inflammatory action have been identified (46), obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic syndrome (47, 48), melanoma (49), and other cancers (50). This evidence concerns the gene IL37 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.