Like fingolimod, TNF antagonists (e.g., etanercept, adalimumab) are also immunosuppressive and bear a high risk of permitting opportunistic infections (312); additionally, the large physical size of the therapeutics (~150 kDa) would necessitate a compromised blood-brain barrier or intrathecal delivery in order to reach its targets within the brain. Here, TNF is linked to Opportunistic infection.