TGFB1 and heart failure: Compared to the sham operation group, higher levels of TGF-β1 protein expression could be detected in the myocardial tissue of rats in the IHF group (p < 0.05), while the TGF-β1 protein level in the myocardial tissue of rats with heart failure treated with reynoutrin was significantly reduced (p < 0.05 vs. IHF group), as seen in Figure 8.