Cardiopulmonary bypass is a recognized risk factor for post-operative renal dysfunction.25 The reduced perfusion pressure and activation of proinflammatory mediators leads to an increase in renal tissue injury.26 NGAL, having previously been identified in animal models, is seen to be a predictor of ischemic renal injury and increases in levels are seen before that of serum creatinine.20 Furthermore, microalbuminemia is seen to be more sensitive to manifestations of renal injury and is particularly linked to patients with Type 2 Diabetes (18). Here, LCN2 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.