RAPGEF5 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: For this purpose, similarly to Nakamura and colleagues who approached the study of ALS comparing the European and Japanese and Chinese populations, discovering new risk factor genes for this disorder, such as ERGIC1, RAPGEF5, FNBP1, ATXN3, and ACSL5 [33], in this study we investigated the genetic differences that exist between the UK and some European populations (including Finnish populations in Finland, Iberian populations in Spain, and Tuscan populations in Italy).