Compared to patients with PVS < −5.4%, the PVS ≥ −5.4% group was significantly older, had a higher proportion of female patients as well as higher STS Scores, higher levels of NT-proBNP, higher rates of impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), higher prevalence of anemia, lower eGFR, lower hematocrit and hemoglobin, lower BMI and lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. Here, NPPB is linked to anemia (phenotype).