SH2D3A and infection: Conversely, NSP1 can also interact with the stem-loop (SL) region, especially the SL1 hairpin, of the viral 5′untranslated region (UTR), promote the escape of viral mRNAs from the NSP1-mediated translation inhibition, and facilitate the recognition and binding of viral mRNAs and host ribosome, thus enhancing the virus’ infection [51,52,53,54].