Similar OSM-induced phenotypic changes have been documented in breast cancer, where OSM transformed cobblestone-shaped epithelial breast cancer cells into fibroblast-like cells with elongated morphology, multiple protrusions and reduced intercellular adhesion by shifting E-cadherin and β-catenin localization from membranous to cytoplasmic [43,48,97,98]. Here, CDH1 is linked to breast cancer.