In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, LIF reprograms the cancer cell invasive mode from collective to mesenchymal migration via acquisition of EMP, as shown by increased expression of N-cadherin, vimentin and IQ motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) concomitant with a decreased expression of E-cadherin [100]. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and cancer.