NFKB1 and cancer: We speculate that specialty sorghum bran extracts activate the DNA damage/NF-κB pathway to induce apoptosis in the absence of TNF-α, while inhibiting TNF-α/NF-κB-mediated cancer progression and invasion, because TNF-α is an important inflammatory factor and the TNF-α/NF-κB pathway contributes to tumor cell invasion and migration [31].