MAPK3 and endometrial cancer: In this study, we investigated the antitumor properties of hinokitiol with respect to human endometrial cancer cells and found that hinokitiol regulates the protein expression of p53 and CDK4/cyclin D1, increases the ROS level, and activates apoptosis and autophagy through the ERK1/2 pathway in Ishikawa, HEC-1A, and KLE cells (Figure 8).