BAX and cancer: Our study revealed that hinokitiol possesses anti-cancer effects with respect to endometrial cancer cells, including Ishikawa, HEC-1A, and KLE cells, via the induction of tumor suppressor protein p53, apoptotic markers (Bax, PARP, and caspase-3), autophagic markers (LC3BII), and ROS levels, while it downregulates cell-cycle-related proteins (cyclin D1 and CDK4 and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and possibly regulates the ERK signaling pathway.