AMPK induces autophagy through upregulation of several antioxidants, such as SOD, uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and Nrf2, while it downregulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX, a primary source of ROS), suggesting a role of AMPK in the inhibition of oxidative stress in kidney disease [178,179]. Here, UCP2 is linked to kidney disorder.