TARDBP and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: While many studies have elucidated the pivotal roles of TDP-43 in multiple cellular functions, emerging studies have also uncovered its pathological roles after it was identified as the long-sought culprit of the ubiquitinated and hyperphosphorylated hallmark inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) patients [3,4,5,6].