TGFB1 and cancer: Besides, it also explains the dual role of TGFβ in the development of PDAC, in which TGFβ exerts primarily antitumor activity on early stage PDAC by means of regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and cell differentiation [92], whereas during advanced stages the antitumor response of TGFβ is evaded by cancer cells via the acquisition of mutations in the mediators of the TGFβ pathway [93,94,95,96].