To take one example, treatment of rat hepatoma cells with aqueous peroxovanadate (pV), an inhibitor of tyrosine phosphatases which mimics oxidative stress, significantly enhances the selective tyrosine phosphorylation of mtHSP70, while pV treatment produced no such phosphorylation in the HSP70 sub-family ER chaperones GRP72 and BIP/GRP78 or the cytosolic HSC70 [219]. Here, HSPA5 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.