NDUFV1 and Hepatic steatosis: Our results showed that SA and RAQ could down regulate most of the Aqps in livers of the rats, particularly Aqp3, Aqp7 and Aqp9. In addition, SA has been reported to protect mitochondrial function and structure to improve hepatic steatosis by inhibiting the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and the voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) [35].