A recent study showed that IFN-γ derived from NK cells induced HCC via the epithelial cell adhesion molecule–epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition axis in HBV transgenic mice, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive hepatocyte damage was mediated by activated NK cells, which promoted the development of HCC [15]. Here, IFNG is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.