IL-1β and other mediators contribute to the progressive failure of pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance, and chronic complications of T2DM, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, heart failure, etc. The activation of the innate immunity is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM, also triggering the TLR systems [7,8]. The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.