VEGFA and neoplasm: More specifically, inhibition of NF-κB by Nrf2, as previously discussed, reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα), interleukines IL1, IL6, IL8 as well as the NF-κB-mediated processes including epithelial to mesenchymal transition [47] and tumour vascularization via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors [48].