Moreover, transfection of reovirus genome into human tumor cell lines reduces HIF-1α protein levels, even in the presence of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), which is a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog that acts as a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), thus indicating that viral RNA plays a key role in the downregulation of HIF-1α [165]. Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.