BRAF and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): BRAF single nucleotide mutations are found in 11%, 51%, 43% and 65% of desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour, subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, and diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumour [24].