It has been shown that chronic hyperglycemia leads to the decrease of insulin biosynthesis and secretion due to β-cell glucose toxicity [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12] and that the reduction of insulin mRNA expression is accompanied by decreased nuclear expression of insulin transcription factors such as MafA and PDX-1 [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Hyperglycemia.