IFNL4 and hepatitis C virus infection: By quantifying the IFNL4 transcripts in liver biopsy specimens from a broad panel of various different nonmalignant liver disorders, we found IFNL4 transcripts (i) detectable exclusively in hepatitis C patients, (ii) their total number to be correlated to hepatic viral load, and (iii) the number of functional but not that of nonfunctional transcripts to be associated with the activation of ISGs [16].