The CR mimetic action of BBR has been established by numerous studies performed using in vitro and in vivo models of obesity or diabetes or cardiovascular pathological conditions [99,100]: BBR, activating mainly AMPK, reduces body weight and hepatic lipid accumulation, and it also improves insulin action [100,101,102,103,104]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.