A previous study suggests that acquired up-regulation of OPN-b and c isoforms might prevent conventional chemotherapy drug (Daunorubicin, Cytarabine and Idarubicin)-induced apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells by upregulating the expression of AKT, VEGF, STAT3, CXCR4, and IL-6 [26]. The gene discussed is CXCR4; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.