MAPK3 and neoplasm: Likewise, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) expression in endothelial cells, essential to neovascularization within the tumor and for tumor growth, is triggered by Ang-II through AT1R and ERK1/2 signaling and, thus, promotes neoangiogenesis in various tumors (pancreatic, ovarian, hepatocellular, bladder cancers) [44,45,46,47].