For example, numerous conditions known to increase the risk of infection and/or disease severity, such as age, smoking, exposure to environmental pollutants, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, lung, liver, kidney and heart disease, are characterized by an increased activity in the canonical ACE-AgII-AT2R1 axis [103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115]. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and infection.