TNF and breast carcinoma: CAAs secrete inflammatory factors that modify the behavior of breast cancer cells, including greater secretion (compared to normal adipocytes) of chemokines CCL2, and CCL5, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), leptin, adiponectin and IGF-1 [92].