HDAC4 and neoplasm: To test our overall hypothesis that co-targeting the ZIP4+ CSC, via ZIP4-KO/KD or HDAC4/KD, and the bulk ZIP4− non-CSC (using CDDP) populations is crucial to develop more effective treatment modalities for blocking development of HGSOC, we used the PE04 xenograft mouse model and compared the tumor development and mouse survival times in five pairs of groups in the absence or presence of CDDP: PE04 control cells, PE04-ZIP4-KO cells, PE04-HDAC4-KD cells, PE04 control cells treated with PANO, and PE04 control cells treated with LMK235.