In the tumor niche, granulocyte–monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT-5) pathway, upregulates AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPKα-1) in MDSCs to suppress antitumor CD8+ T-cell responses [42]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.