With human tumor samples and mouse tumor models, CD103+ cDC1 exhibit strong capacity to stimulate cytotoxic T cells, which is dependent on transcription factors, such as interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), zinc finger and BTB domain containing 46 (Zbtb46) and basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (Batf3) [72]. This evidence concerns the gene MPPE1 and neoplasm.