In contrast, N1 TANs produce chemokines, such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3, CXCL9, CXCL10), to recruit CD8+ T cells to TME and secrete cytokines (e.g., IL-12, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) to activatethe cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells [119], thus providing anti-tumor effect. Here, CSF2 is linked to neoplasm.