PPARA and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: DNA methylation at specific CpGs within genes known to affect fibrogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), and platelet-derived growth factor alpha (PDGFα) genes, was observed in patients with NAFLD or alcoholic liver disease (ALD) associated with the progression of fibrosis [37].