In a first clinical evaluation, serum Hsp70 concentrations in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC; n = 166) and high grade gliomas (HGG; n = 34; 26 primary, 8 relapse) were determined using the compHsp70 ELISA and compared to those in healthy volunteers (n = 108). The gene discussed is HSPA1A; the disease is glioma.