Animal experiments have shown that genetic inactivation of NUPR1 suppresses different types of tumor growth, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) [109], hepatocarcinoma (HCC) [17,110], lung adenocarcinoma [111,112], osteosarcoma [113], glioblastoma [114], cholangiocarcinoma [115], multiple myeloma [116,117,118] and ovarian carcinoma [119]. Here, NUPR1 is linked to cholangiocarcinoma.