CD8A and melanoma: In malignant melanomas, activating mutations in BRAF (BRAFV600E) induce constitutive activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which stimulates immune-tolerant DCs and inhibits CD8+ T-cells via the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, as well as via VEGF [46].