TNF and neoplasm: This ability to replicate in tumor cells has been coupled to tumor suppressor and immunomodulatory genes, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL), interferon-alpha (IFN-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin-2 and interleukin-15 (IL-2 and IL-15) [462,473].