Thus, it has been observed that different strains of the genus Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium, modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10, IL-8 and transforming growth factor-β (TFG-β), suggesting that probiotic-fed fish are in an immunologically elevated state to counter any possible infections by activating a variety of pro and anti-inflammatories mediators [44,45]. Here, TNF is linked to infection.