UCP1 and cardiac hypertrophy: PPAR-γ deficiency in mice aggravates stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction.48UCP1 deficiency exacerbates myocardial injury, fibrosis, and adverse remodelling, as well as mortality induced by isoproterenol infusion in mice.17,49 Unlike the anti-hypertrophic effect of FGF1 involving the improvement of mitochondrial OXPHOS, miR-27b deficiency suppressed cardiac hypertrophy through up-regulation of multiple target genes, such as PPAR-γ, FGF1, and UCP1.