FGF1 is an autocrine/paracrine factor, and recombinant human FGF1 has been clinically used to facilitate wound/burn repair and ulcer regeneration for decades.34,35 Recently, FGF1 was shown to be crucial for the management of nutrient stress, glycaemic control, and insulin sensitivity.24,36,37 Jonker et al. 38 discovered an unexpected metabolic role for FGF1 as a critical transducer of PPAR-γ signalling, coupling nutrient storage to adaptive remodelling of adipose tissue. Here, INS is linked to ulcer disease.