GDF15 and atrial fibrillation: Of these, four were previously known: cTnT-hs, NT-proBNP, IL-6, and GDF-15, and six biomarkers novel in regard to their association with CV death in AF: FGF-23, suPAR, TFF3, TNFR1, TRAILR2, and CTSL1, and seem to reflect a spectrum of different pathological processes.