BMP7 and neoplasm: The mean immunohistochemical stain scores of BMP7 and pSmad5 levels were 1.62 ± 0.59 and 1.85 ± 0.45, respectively, in malignant tumor (including Grade III and IV), which was significantly higher than that in low-grade tumor (including Grade I and II) (0.83 ± 0.39 and 1.20 ± 0.67, respectively) and normal brain tissue BMP7 immunoreactivity (p = 0.001) (right panel in Figure 1).