As examples, oral dosing of Blautia coccoides in Ab-mice restored the capacity of macrophages to induce IFNβ and promoted protection against encephalomyocarditis virus systemic infection [30], and, likewise, lipo-oligosaccharides from the outer membrane of Bacteroides and microbial metabolism-derived acetate were involved in triggering an IFNβ response that prevented vesicular stomatitis virus and influenza virus [27] and respiratory syncytial virus [29] infection in mice, respectively. Here, IFNB1 is linked to infection.