INS and Insulin resistance: The role of inflammaging [196] in insulin resistance can be relevant since pro-inflammatory cytokines activate IkB kinase (IKK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), which inhibit insulin signaling by phosphorylating the IR at serine-302 (pS302) and serine-307 (pS307), instead of its normal phosphorylating sites at tyrosine residues [242,243].