Since this discovery, further support for the link between mitochondrial defects and PD has been revealed due to genetic factors inducing familial PD such as Parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ-1, alpha-synuclein, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) and coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain-containing 2 (CHCHD2) (Table 5), which are involved in the function and turnover of mitochondria, impaired mitochondrial dynamics and function in the pathogenesis of PD [304,305] (Figure 9). Here, PRKN is linked to Parkinson disease.