INS and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In a study of investigating the effect of NO on the expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I in pancreatic cancer MIAPaCa-2 cells, it was found that NO donor reduced the expression of IRS-1, which is related to the stimulation of growth signaling pathway and cancer proliferation in pancreatic cancer [50,51].