A major accomplishment in retinal pathobiology in recent decades is the identification of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF or VEGF-A) as a cardinal pathogenic factor in retinal neovascularization and vascular leakage in DR and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and in choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) [8,9,10,11,12], which leads to the development of anti-VEGF drugs as a major therapeutic strategy for DR, AMD, ROP, and other hypoxic ocular vascular disorders. The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is retinopathy of prematurity.