CCL2 and prostate carcinoma: Further, the CCL2/CCR2 axis has been associated with breast cancer (BC) progression [186], and miR-196a, which activates CCL2, also promotes the migration and invasion of the lung by cancer cells [187]. In addition, high plasma CCL2 concentrations are associated with poorer response to neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with colorectal cancer [188], and with increased risk of prostate cancer [189].